The American buffalo and bison both refer to the same animal, Bison bison, but the term “buffalo” is more commonly used in North America. Native to the continent, these large, hoofed mammals are part of the bovine family, characterized by their shaggy fur, humped shoulders, and curved horns.
Known for their strength and resilience, American buffalo/bison once roamed the grasslands of North America in vast herds, but their numbers have been greatly reduced due to hunting and habitat loss. Despite their similarities, the terms “buffalo” and “bison” are often used interchangeably, with “buffalo” being favored in the vernacular.
We will further explore the distinct characteristics of the American buffalo/bison and shed light on their historical and ecological significance.
I. The American Buffalo And Bison: Understanding The Basics
The American buffalo and bison are often used interchangeably, but there are certain differences to note. Understanding the basics of these magnificent animals can help differentiate between the two. Origins and History: American buffalo and bison both belong to the same family, Bovidae, but they have distinct histories. The American buffalo, or bison bison, once roamed the Great Plains of North America in massive herds. Native American tribes relied on them for sustenance, clothing, and shelter. Bison were on the brink of extinction in the late 1800s due to overhunting and habitat loss. Conversely, the term “buffalo” refers to two different species found in Africa and Asia. Scientific Classification and Taxonomy: The American buffalo is scientifically classified as bison bison, whereas the term “buffalo” encompasses multiple species. Bison bison is further classified under the genus bison and the family Bovidae. In conclusion, while the American buffalo and bison are related, they have different historical contexts and taxonomic classifications. Understanding these differences helps clarify the distinction between them.
Ii. Physical Characteristics: Similarities And Differences
American buffalo and bison share some physical characteristics, but there are also notable differences between the two.
Body Size And Weight
The body size of American buffalo and bison is quite similar with both being large animals. However, buffalo tend to be slightly heavier, weighing between 900 and 2,200 pounds. Bison, on the other hand, typically weigh between 900 and 2,000 pounds.
Horns And Head Shape
One of the main distinguishing features between the two is their horns and head shape. Buffalo have large, curved horns that can span up to six feet across, forming a distinctive “C” shape. Bison, on the other hand, have shorter and wider horns that curve upwards, forming more of a “U” shape. Additionally, buffalo have a bigger head with a broader forehead compared to bison.
Coat And Fur Variations
Both American buffalo and bison have shaggy coats, but there are some variations in fur color. Buffalo typically have dark brown fur with a lighter mane, while bison have a lighter overall coloration with a dark brown or black mane.
Tail Characteristics
Their tails also differ in appearance. Buffalo have longer, tufted tails that reach down to their hocks, while bison have shorter, less-furry tails. This difference in tail characteristics is one way to visually distinguish between the two species.
Iii. Habitat And Distribution: Where They Roam
The American buffalo and bison have different native ranges and current habitats. The American buffalo, also known as the American bison, historically roamed the grasslands and plains of North America, including the Great Plains and parts of Mexico and Canada. Today, they can mainly be found in protected areas such as national parks and reserves.